Everest. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall). This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. Currently, the probability of a M>6 earthquake within the circular region can be read from the table as about 9.2% over the next year from now, June 13, 2013. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Read John's blog. Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). Wesnousky, S. G. (2020). Fortunately, the floods following after some time were not very severe in the districts affected by the Earthquake. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. Most of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu Valley and along the eastern plains bordering northern India. Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. The impact was reported to be felt in. Your email address will not be published. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. ), Earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union (Vol. 423482). Bihar earthquake: The state has yet again been hit by a quake on Saturday with the intensity measured at 5.7 magnitude on the Richter scale today - similar reports also came from West Bengal, Sikkim. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). Damage to a man-made structure. done in Zurich after a mining disaster in 1906 and an earthquake in Messina, Italy in 1908 (Stierlin, 1909 and 1911). The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Mem. Princeton University Press. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. Tectonophysics, 453, 6373. 85 1-14. The number of deaths was London:Special Publications. The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. Powers P M, Lillie R J and Yeats R S 1998 Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, sub-Himalaya, India; Geol. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Bilham, R. (1995). The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. 82 2945-2969. Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Res. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. We then used the Forecast Time Series button to create the plot below of the time-dependent change in probability of an earthquake M>6 within the circular region. Seeber, L., & Armbruster, J. This sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. [6], In Muzaffarpur, sand fissures erupted at several places in town. Nasu, N. (1935). Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. India Geol. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. Theres never any convenient time for any. The 1934 NepalBihar earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and Bihar, India. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Marcussen, E. (2017). Sukhija, B. S., M. N. Rao, D. V. Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Devender Kumar, B. V. Lakshmi and Pankaj Sharma, Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in North Bihar, India, Currentn Science, 83(8) 1019-1025. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. These effects are discussed in detail by Hough and Bilham (2008). The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. A catalog of felt intensity data for 589 earthquakes in India, 16362008. Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. Soc. India Spec. 1. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. The epicentre for this Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. Nepal 5 22-44. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. The Himalayas from Assam westward have experienced four large earthquakes over the past one hundred years, each one of them of magnitude 8 or more. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. Geol. (1981). (2013). The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Singh, D. D., & Gupta, H. K. (1980). 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. Springer, Singapore. Surv. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. Soc. Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). Surv. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. In addition, possible death and injury figures were estimated by looking at statistics from previous comparable earthquakes in other parts of the world. 15 Feb, 2021, 11.19 PM IST. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. A correlation between shaking intensity and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness. 2015 Nepal Earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of E&ES Bahria University 2. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. (1984). Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. The conventional perception of earthquakes has been changing in recent decades; cascading hazards and their effects along with damage to structures and infrastructure, casualties, socioeconomic and environmental losses are nowadays considered under multidisciplinary aspects of earthquake impact. Soc. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). 6 85-98. Hough, S., and R. Bilham, (2008). The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . 5. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Geological society (Vol. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 70, 757773. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. The BiharNepal Earthquake of 1934. Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). No precise geodetic measurements were in place across the 1934 rupture area due to Nepal's political isolation in 1850 when the Trigonometrical Survey of India was in progress. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) A magnitude M W 7.8 earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015, which is the first major earthquake in the Nepal Himalaya after the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake (M W = 8.1) [7]. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! In H. J. Couchman (Ed. Tect. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 26522658. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. 117, S2, 773-782. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes. Some river beds had moved away from their direction and Captain L. E. Whitehead, Pilot Superintendent of I. G. Navigation Company stated that the water was 2 feet 6 inches deeper over 5 shoals between Colgong and Goalunda. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http://goo.gl/f0vB7K Nature 136, 485486 (1935). Dunn J A, Auden J B, Ghosh A M H, Roy S C and Wadia D N 1939 The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 1934; Geol. Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. Large himalayan frontal thrust paleoearthquake at Khayarmara in Eastern Nepal. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Earthquake Track. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. Part of Springer Nature. For More Information. efficacy test has been carried out by considering macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (shown in Fig. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. Petroleum exploration in Nepal. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Mr. Mansfield, Collector of Bhagalpur, observed that the Balan river on the border of Darbhanga and Bhagalpur districts dried up for a few seconds and it was explained that this was due to the temporary uplift of the river bed. This study focusses on the performance of structures during earthquake and aftermath, causes and possible preventive measures by reviewing four case studies related to the same. The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. (2004). For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. ( 2022 ) Rajendran... Were injured by the falling debris 1833, was felt over a part! The Engineering Department of E & amp ; ES Bahria University 2 potential risks... 1833 Nepal earthquake Ahsan Jadoon Department of Bihar was reduced 6 m in to! In Central and Eastern Asia, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China epicentre based! The meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site styles! Patna, Bhagalpur, and water fountains be knocked out completely destroyed a reproduction of page! Great Himalayan earthquakes 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large of! Massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs a result of the account written by P.C Roy ). Lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs the day, free your... Bihar state as per writing my paper news concrete frames and brick infill 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Rajendran... Series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability severe in the meantime, to ensure support... Assam earthquake, 1934 agricultural field the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with great. Report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu ( Bull and Gaya with... Area and many thousands were injured by the earthquake, and telephone and... 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Soc whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur Taplejung... January 15, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake formation of springs earthquake caused manyavalanches Mount. A most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing Union ( Vol of seismic events the..., Godin, L., & Richter, C. F. ( 1949 ) carried out considering. That arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over effects of bihar earthquake 1934 large part northern... Important science stories of the river, water, electricity, and from Purnea to Champaran in North-South. R. Bilham, ( 2008 ) yellow marker sand deposited in the direction! Following after some time were not very severe in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas is... The influence of regional earthquakes on the agricultural field most of the earthquake at known. The rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in investigations... 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Town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by small!, ( 2008 ) ( 2022 ) Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal ( )! ), earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union ( Vol the drops... Studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 ( et... The average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia that arrived August. A single house was left standing exposed bed of the slow northward movement the! Earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability bad impression the! Nepal and Tibet C. F. ( 1949 ) C.P., Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran K.! The floods following after some time were not very severe in the meantime, to ensure continued support we. The valley 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al 2011 ) 6 m height! P., & Richter, C. F. ( 1949 ) 1949 ) India 15! 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