http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/archiwum.html, If you know that you had relatives that were buried in the Przemysl area in Poland this link may help: http://www.cmentarzeprzemysl.pl/, In 1950 there was a border adjustment in the area My two aunts lived in Koja Camp for several years and spoke of their time there with great affection. 4. Thousands of Jews were employed by the Soviets in deportation and execution of Polish citizens. t.3/4, 1995. PERIODICALS Archives in New York, English version: http://dione.ids.pl/~ijp/ang/onas.html. List: Red Cross Polish Refugees The list of Polish refugees residing in areas of East Africa and Rhodesia was prepared by the Polish Red Cross in Nairobi in 1943. To accommodate the refugees, a sprawling stationary camp was established in Isfahan. They were going from Kigoma to Dar es Salaam and from there by ship to the United Kingdom, where their next of kinoften husbands and sons who had been fighting in the warwere getting courses and training for civilian jobs. Try roky tr'okhlittia Arkhypastyrs'koi pratsi Ilariona, Arkhyiepyskopa Kholms'koho i Pidlias'koho. Mexico. Following the Soviet invasion of Poland at the onset of World War II, in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet Pact against Poland, the Soviet Union acquired more than half of the territory of the Second Polish Republic or about 201,000 square kilometres (78,000sqmi) inhabited by more than 13,200,000 people. Witness History speaks to one of them. The children and the adults were then transported to the North Island, to a town of Pahiatua, where Polish Children's CampPahiatuawas opened in former military barracks. Zjednoczonych (1941-1942). Language--U. Varshava, 1997. Polish Genealogical society of America http://www.pgsa.org/. The listing of refugees is not complete, because new waves of refugees were constantly flowing in. maps. (Roman Kryk, red.) THE TRUTH ABOUT JEDWABNE AND HEROIC DEEDS OF THE POLISH NATION IN THE 20TH CENTURY by Prof. Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, See full text in: http://www.iyp.org/polish/history/antypolonizmy/jedwabne_en_124.html. centr. There were many babies in arms in the party and several women of 70 or more. By the end of 1945, another 4,300 were evacuated to Lebanon; by 1946, that number rose to 6,000. Snakes and other natural perils were commonplace. The expected end of the war limited further evacuations. Migration expert Julia Devlin agrees with Durand's findings. Northern Rhodesia had three camps. From Persia half of them were deported to East and Southern Africa. There was a mast with a huge Polish flag, and the White Eagle on the gate."[12]. Archiwum Panstowe w Przemyslu The church was built at the centre of the settlement using local materials and papyrus thatch. Both settlements had hospital facilities run by Polish doctors and nurses. about one in ten of all adult males,1 and murdered. Unlike the Soviet Union, these were, after all, ancient civilized cultures. They were housed in the Polish Children's Camp located in Pahiatua. Dluga 6 Vegetables on the other hand were scarce until the Poles started their own small gardens around their huts growing Irish potatoes, cabbages, corn, peas, soya beans, tomatoes and beetroot for barszcz, a sour soup popular in Poland and Eastern Europe. Abercorn camp 4.1. The largest Polish settlement in Tengeru had 947 houses. The details concerning processing of personal data by each unit can be found in their respective policies concerning the processing of personal data. During 1939 to 1941 the Soviets deported 1,200,000 Poles deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor or resettlement, of which perhaps 146,000 died. The settlements were divided into sections and groups, and the heads of departments of education, pastoral care, health care, culture and work were appointed. Gdansk: http://www.ap.gdansk.pl/english/linki/poland.php, The Archives of New Records 21sm. But Poles were reluctant to return to their homeland, which was under staunch Soviet control. Like the Nazis in the west of the country, the Soviet Union began to carry out ethnic cleansing. By the end of September 1942, 1,044 people were located in the Ugandan settlement in Masindi, and 510 and 401 respectively in Morogoro and Kondoa in Tanganyika. The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. It is not only near Poland's 500-kilometre border with Ukraine where citizens are keen to show their solidarity with the refugees. In Tengeru in Tanzania, which was the largest of the camps, they lay wreaths on the single memorial stone that bears one hundred names of people who were interred here. That was when Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signed a non-aggression pact that divided several eastern European. At the end of 1944, there were 13,364 Polish citizens in three countries of East Africa, of which 6,331 in Tanganyika. There she met her husband, a Pole and a survivor of the Majdanek concentration camp. The camps were closed and lands reverted to the colonial governments for local peoples settlements or administrative centres, and the graves were maintained for posterity. In addition, your use of our website is tantamount to your consent to the processing of your personal data provided by electronic means. In South Africa alone there were 18 Polish schools with about 1,800 students in attendance. Some of the women, however, became understandably worried at the thought of life in Africa. Consuls together with delegates of the Polish Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare dealt with Polish refugees. About one third of the civilians were children. Kenya Women's Emergency Organisation helpers looking after the large party of refugee women and children. [11] Polish soldiers and civilians who left stayed in Iranian camps at Pahlevi and Mashhad, as well as Tehran. Elated by this turn of events the far-flung Polish exiles began to make their way as best they could southward, to where Anders' army was forming, in the hope of liberation. T.6. After twelve days, we reached the port of Beira in Mozambique. Jewish Ghetto Police were to arrest non-Jews who made purchases in stores exclusively designated for the Jews or brought merchandise or food with them. Despite the fact that in 1918 all Jewish organizations were against the rebirth of Poland, in1926 Poland gave full citizenship to some 700,000 Jewish refugees from USSR ,while at the same time Jewish refugees who escaped to France remained stateless until WWII. In 1938 some 20,000 to 30,000 Jews evicted from Germany were resettled in Poland by Polish authorities On Aug. 22, 1939 Hitler delivered a secret speech in which he stated that the complete destruction of Poland and especially its population was his primary target. 22, 1941. The coastline of Lake Victoria consisted of papyrus reeds, scrubby bush and dense forest, ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes and tsetse fly. Awi'tojerska Malaria killed many of the refugees and many more also suffered from amoebic dysentery. Subscribe now for as little as $2 a month! Expectations and the execution of rules concerning the refugees . . The Polish representative to the Potsdam conference claimed there were only 1,500,000, the United States estimated 2,000,000. All content published on this website is covered by a. Metiuk, Hryhorii. ul. Union under the provisions of that tenuous "amnesty" of 1941. The main route led through Turkmenistan to the Pahlevi transit camp in Iran (now Bandar-e Anzali) and from there mainly to camps in Tehran. Language--U. Vinnipeh, 1969. Ukrains'kyi arkhiv. Among the victims on this altar of silence were the 14,500 prisoners of war interned in Kozelsk, Starobelsk, and Ostashkov and Gadam. The little known story of the Polish refugees who fled to East Africa during World War II. 02-103 Warszawa In the second stage of evacuation from the interior, more than 43,000 military personnel and about 25,000 civilians left with General Wadysaw Anders across the Caspian Sea to Iran. [5], The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR lasted from March 24, 1942, for one week, and then again from August 10, 1942, until the beginning of September. As historians dig out more information from national archives, and descendants recount family stories, the story of the Polish exiles in Africa gets richer. Crime was rampant inside and outside ghettos. There were several waves of deportations during which families were sent to barren land in the Soviet Union. Refugees in Poland were, until 2022, a relatively small group. Wherever they went the Polish refugees encountered effusive good will not only on the part of the respective governments that invited them but also on the part of the native populations. There, all were divided into several groups and began their education. That was when Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signed a non-aggression pact that divided several eastern European countries, including Poland, into German and Soviet spheres of interest. Overall, during German occupation of pre-war Polish territory, 1939-1945, the Germans murdered 3,900,000 to 6,400,000 Poles, probably about 5,400,000, including near 3,000,000 Jews.7, According to the German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees, and War Victims, 9,575,000 Germans lived in these eastern territories in 1939 10 (about 15 percent of Germany's population). 20sm. Subject: UKRAINIANS IN POLAND As a history student, he was surprised about the lack of information about Poles seeking sanctuary in Africa his professor had never heard of Polish refugee camps on the continent. (01.02.2019). But more stable settlements also emerged such as those in Balachadi, near the city of Jamnagar, and in Valivade, near Kolhapur. Most Poles were forced to stay in the Soviet Union. Their travel and settlement in British protectorates around the world was made possible by the combined efforts of the British government and the Polish government-in-exile in London as the Second World War raged in Europe. The Polish population, both civilian and military, was evacuated to Iran from the Soviet Union in two stages from March to September 1942. In Kenya, the camps were located in Rongai (outside Nairobi), Manira, Makindu, Nairobi, and Nyali in Mombasa. The second group (726 refugees including 408 children, mostly orphans) to arrive on the USS Hermitage that fall were also quarantined, this time in a U.S. army camp near Los Angeles called Santa Anita. He predicted that 8,000,000 to 9,000,000 would have to be expelled,14 which is close to thesubsequent 10,000,000 estimate of the West German government. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP7.ADDENDA.HTM. About 700,000 Poles were sent to Germany for forced labor,6 many to die there. Altogether, in the two evacuations of 1942, 115,742 left: 78,470 soldiers and 37,272 civilians (13,948 children). Fifteen Polish schools were eventually founded in Lebanon as well as a small Polish library consisting of some 500 Polish books and additional volumes in other languages. The first contingents of Polish refugees in World War Two 3.3. Among them 1,000,000 were children under eighteen years of age 1. [19], The first Polish refugees came to Palestine in summer 1942. Within two years of the exiles arrival in Uganda, a unique community life developed in both the settlements, Koja and Nabyeya, which now had primary schools, secondary schools and a secondary economics school. When they arrived they . (16.06.2016), Many European countries want to restrict migration with stricter border controls and more deportations. The food was delivered: rice, flour, meat, salt, sugar, tea, and some coffee. They deported hundreds of thousands of Poles, including many Jews, in four waves to forced labor camps in remote Russian regions such as Siberia and Kazakhstan. In 1940-41, several hundred thousand citizens of the Second Polish Republic were deported deep into Soviet Russia, which, as a result of aggression with Nazi Germany, occupied the eastern part of Poland after September 17, 1939. Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union, Help of Maharaja of Nawanagar for Polish refugees, People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine, 1.1 million Poles (including Polish Jews), Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939-1946), List of Soviet Union prison sites that detained Poles, List of Polish refugees cemeteries in Africa. Finally, 733 Polish children with their 105 caretakers arrived in New Zealand on November 1, 1944. and Polish archives We were mentally shaped by such organizations, as Sodality of Our Lady, and The Eucharistic Crusade. At the peak period, 4,018 people lived in it. Of all the research Durand undertook, one discovery made a great impression. In addition to the permanent settlements, several temporary camps were created, including in Morogoro, Kigoma, Dar es Salaam, Iringa and Tosamaganga in Tanganyika. The Refugee Office of the British colonial government in Nairobi handled the resettlement. Southern Rhodesia, then a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom that is located in the now-independent Zimbabwe, entered World War II along with Britain shortly after the invasion of Poland in 1939. Stalin simply said that there were none -- all those surviving the war had run away13 Churchill, however, saw the true dimension of the issue. ul. You can change the settings of your browser at any time. Listy braci: Karola, Antoniego, Jana, ciotki Zofii Lanckoronskiej (1942-1949). http://www.mapywig.org/m/wig500k/MAPA_POLSKI_1_500_000_KRAKOW_11.jpg, From Statistics Of Poland's Democide: Addenda* By R.J. Rummel Care had been taken in planning the settlement to avoid giving it the look of a military barracks. Warszawa Poland, The Central Archives of Historical Furthermore, there were schools in Egypt, at Tall al Kabir and Heliopolis. . Pakistan: The school that's free for Afghan refugee children, New hurdles for rescuers at sea in the Mediterranean, Tunisia: Presidential scapegoating stokes fear and support, Canada Soccer president resigns amid equal pay dispute, Thousands of migrants have died in Southern Texas, When are refugees welcome and when not? Hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens were forced to leave their homes at a moment's notice and were transported in cattle cars to Siberia, Kazakhstan, and other distant parts of Russia. Podlesice Zivilarbeiterlager (public servants They were provided with refreshments and not a few of the refugees were in tears when the train steamed out. His grandmother's testimonies about her life in the small town of Tengeru in northern Tanzania motivated the filmmaker to embark on an emotionally charged nine-year journey that took him to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The second camp was established at Koja in Mukuno district about 100 kilometres east of Kampala, the Ugandan capital and about 35 kilometres from Mukono railway station. Most of them lived in Uganda and Tanzania (then Tanganyika), a considerable number in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) and Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and some in . The Poles went to the regions in the Soviet Union where the Polish Army was founded under command of General Wadysaw Anders, counting on the protection and the possibility of leaving the Soviet Union together with the soldiers. In November 1947, the action of reuniting military families began, thanks to which about 9,500 people left Africa. There they were loaded on ships to be ferried to Tehran, the Iranian capital. [4] Among those who remained in the Soviet Union, about 150,000 Poles perished before the end of the war. 3. [20] According to official data, during the state-controlled expulsion between 1945 and 1946, less than 50 percent of Poles who registered for population transfer were given the chance to leave the westernmost republics of the Soviet Union. Altogether, 257,660 citizens of the Second Polish Republic (190,942 adults and 66,718 kids) received the passports; 1,583 refused and were sent either to prisons or gulag. No doubt "Uncle Joe"(Joe Stalin) homo sovieticus barbarosus incarnate must have been grateful to the Western Allies for their conspiracy of silence, for preserving the "good name" of Additional Polish transports arrived in late 1943. Often it was not accurate, especially as far as dates [18] In late 1942 and early 1943, Polish camps in Iran were located at Tehran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Ahvaz. The service can provide the following: + A town or village location search and, if available, a brief area history. All are eager to help the Allied Cause in any way possible. In all, 16 Polish schools were attended by some 2,300 Polish children in India. The cooking was done in a large kitchen situated in the middle. Language--P. Varshava, 1990. The two refugee camps in Uganda were built at Koja, on the shores of Lake Victoria and Nyabyeya, Budongo Forest Reserve in Masindi district in northwestern Uganda. After a short stay, they too were dispatched across the border to Colonia Santa Rosa. If this site was helpful to you, please consider making a donation to keep it going. list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. For two years, freight trains ferried entire Polish families across the greater Kresy region to Kazakhstan and luckily, over 110,000 Poles among them 36,000 women and children, managed to leave the Soviet Union with the Polish forces. And the most infamous German death camps had been located in Poland. In 1948, the number of Poles in East Africa decreased to 3,497, of which 2,080 lived in Tanganyika. Copies of http://www.videofact.com/english/samples/E_2/E19_part1.html. Approximately 90% of them were non-Jewish Poles, with most of the remaining ones Jewish. Hankiewicza 1 A smaller-scale evacuation to Ashkhabad-Mashhad followed, including the large and final group of civilians. donation. Eighty percent of the food consumed by the Jews was smuggled into the ghettos by Poles. Polish underground courts prosecuted traitors and criminals during the war. We were not first the Poles in Africa. The Polish refugees also have a positive memory of the locals, says Durand. Some of them went on to emigrate to the United States, Argentina, Canada, France and Australia. The relief assistance afforded 492s. Korespondencja z rodzina (1939-1940). The majority of the refugees were women and girls (the younger men had been recruited into the Polish Army under General Wladyslaw Albert Anders). It took a while for Durand to understand why Africa seemed so familiar to him. African radio stations ran programs in the Polish language and there waseven a Polish press. People kept their own gardens, with vegetables. [17] Despite political instability and famine in Iran at that time, Polish refugees were welcomed by the smiles and generosity of the Iranian people. There were definitely Jews among the evacuees. Although provisions were made to resettle several thousand Poles in that country, only two transports arrived in the summer and fall of 1943 with a total of 1,432 refugees. Advertisement Workshops and village industries were started. Polish soldiers went from Iran mainly to Iraq and Palestine, from where they were to go to the fronts of World War II. In mid-1944, East Africa hosted over 13,000 Polish citizens. the Poland - Soviet Union Border during 1945 -1950 Houses made of clay, in the heart of Africa. Includes index. Scouting was popular. officers, and natural "enemies of the people," like the clergy. A number of such executions actually took place in Konin and other localities. After the completion of the evacuation, there were over 110,000 Polish citizens in Iran. The soldiers of Anders' army went on to fight in many battles, including the one at Monte Cassino; the civilians, because they could not be repatriated, were forced to remain in foreign lands for the remainder of the war. "[12], In 1942, about 120,000 refugees from Poland began their exodus to Iran from remote parts of the Soviet Union. 29. list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. From a transit camp near Beirut they were sent to more permanent quarters such as those located in Ghazir, Zauk Michael, Ajaltoun, and Boladoun. The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. Wiesawa Paskiewicz, who stayed at Kolhapur, wrote: "Our daily activities were marked by school, church and scouting. Camps: Archiwum Akt Nowych "It was often their first contactwith whites," he told DW. Rhodesia, Gore Browne, expected only around 500 Polish refugees on his territory. T.3. Occasionally, visitors from Poland (families of the dead) make pilgrimages to the various sites in East Africa to lay wreaths in the Polish national colours of red and white. The list of Polish refugees residing in areas of East Africa and Rhodesia was prepared by the Polish Red Cross in Nairobi in 1943. 8a Soviet reoccupation of the Borderlands (1944-45) 8b Repatriation (1944-47) According to a January 15, 1943, note from Beria to Stalin, 389,041 Polish citizens were freed as a result of that "amnesty.". found out about the arrival of the transport they rallied around the exiles After aggression of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union in June 1941 and the conclusion of SikorskiMaisky agreement in July 1941, when Poland and the Soviet Union became allies, authorities in Moscow allowed the Polish population to leave the place of exile. 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